Johan Pitka

Johan Pitka

Johan Pitka was born in 1872 in Terasaugu farm, Jalgsema village, Võhmuta parish, Järvamaa, in a family of a forest ranger. He attended the local school in Jalgsema and Seliküla parish school, as well as maritime schools in Käsmu, Kuressaare, and Paldiski. In 1895, he passed the examination for a sea captain.

Pitka was a key figure in the Estonian War of Independence, being the founder of the Estonian Defense League and Estonian Navy. He also organized the construction of armored trains and armored cars. For his efforts, he was honored with the titles of “Father of the Armored Trains” and “Soul of the War of Independence.”

In the summer of 1940, when Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, Johan Pitka fled to Finland, where he stayed until April 1944, when he returned to his homeland. There, with the knowledge of the German occupation authorities, he began organizing the Strike Unit Admiral Pitka to resist the advancing Red Army. Johan Pitka was last seen in September 1944 in Kose, and the exact circumstances of his death remain unknown to this day.

Johan Pitka - kaitseliit.ee

Lilleoru farm and Johan Pitka

In 1936, Admiral Johan Pitka purchased a 7.33-hectare plot of land for Lilleoru Farm from the Estonian government, situated on the slope of Ebavere Hill and separated from Vao Manor’s lands. That same year, he also acquired an additional 2.93 hectares of land for the farm. The house’s interior resembled a ship’s interior, with a round window on the front door. Pitka’s study was accessible directly from the main staircase through the vestibule. The room was square, with walls and ceiling covered in dark plywood.

On the wall opposite the door was the coat of arms of the Estonian Republic, with a sword crossed with a rifle from the Arsenal arms factory above it. Below these were a map of Estonia and, to the right, a sea chart with navigational routes. Under the window stood a 1.5-meter-long model of the sailing vessel with which the admiral first went to sea. The opposite wall featured floor-to-ceiling bookshelves and, in the center of the room, a large table covered with a green felt cloth under glass, displaying Pitka’s awards, decorations, medals, certificates, and other honors. Behind the table was a swivel chair where he wrote his books. A made, known as Silla Meeta, lived in the house year-round.

During the German occupation (1941-1944), Johans wife Helene Pitka and his daughters lived at Lilleoru Farm. In September 1944, Helene Pitka and her daughters fled to Sweden. That fall, the Red Army occupied Lilleoru Farm, and due to their activities, Pitka’s house was destroyed by fire in the spring of 1945. Today, only the foundation, cellar, and stairs of the building remain.

Johan Pitka's family

In 1894, Pitka married Helene-Marie Neuhaus, and they had the following children:
John Imant Pitka (1895-1923) – Died in a car accident.
Ralph-Georg Pitka (1896-1897) – Died in infancy.
August Andreas Pitka (1898-1942) – Procurator for the Shipping Association. Executed in a Soviet prison camp.
Helmi Pitka (1900-1905) – Died in childhood.
Linda Päären (Pitka) (1903-2003) – Passed away in Canada.
Saima Queenie Joasalu (Pitka) (1907-2003) – Noted Estonian long-distance swimmer. Died in Canada.
Edward Oliver Pitka (1908-1942) – Worked as a marine engineer. Executed in a Soviet prison camp.
Stanley Pitka (1913-1942) – Military pilot and civil servant in Tallinn. Executed during World War II.